What is GERD?
GERD is a condition in which stomach contents repeatedly flow back into the oesophagus, causing symptoms or problems over time. It is more than occasional acid reflux.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation, which is when stomach contents come back up into the throat or mouth. Some people may also have chest pain, trouble swallowing, nausea, or a chronic cough or hoarseness.
Diagnosis
Doctors often diagnose GERD based on your symptoms and medical history. If symptoms are severe, do not improve with treatment, or there are warning signs, tests such as an upper endoscopy or other reflux tests may be recommended.
Management
Treatment usually involves a combination of dietary and lifestyle changes and medications. The goal is to reduce reflux, relieve symptoms, and prevent irritation of the oesophagus.
- Dietary & Lifestyle Modifications
Helpful steps may include eating smaller meals, avoiding foods or drinks that trigger symptoms, not lying down soon after eating, losing weight if needed, and raising the head of the bed. - Medications
Medicines may include antacids or alginates for symptom relief, as well as acid-reducing medicines such as H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Your doctor will decide which treatment is most suitable based on your symptoms and how often they happen.
Outlook
The outlook is generally good, and many people manage GERD well with the right treatment and lifestyle changes. Some people need longer-term treatment, especially if symptoms come back when medicine is stopped.