What is Ulcer Disease?
Ulcer disease usually refers to peptic ulcer disease, which means an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The most common causes are H. pylori infection and anti-inflammatory pain medicines (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen.
Symptoms/Complications
Common symptoms include burning or gnawing stomach pain, indigestion, bloating, nausea, loss of appetite, and sometimes weight loss. Complications can include bleeding, anaemia, perforation (a hole in the stomach or intestine), and blockage.
Diagnosis
Doctors may diagnose ulcer disease using your medical history, physical examination, and tests for H. pylori, such as a breath test, stool test, or blood test. Some patients may also need a gastroscopy (upper endoscopy).
Management
Treatment depends on the cause of the ulcer. The main goals are to relieve symptoms, heal the ulcer, and prevent it from coming back.
- Dietary & Lifestyle Modifications
Helpful steps may include stopping smoking, limiting alcohol, avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, eating smaller meals, and avoiding NSAIDs unless your doctor advises otherwise. - Medications
Treatment may include antibiotics if H. pylori is present, and acid-reducing medicines such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to help the ulcer heal. Some patients may also be advised to stop or change medicines that may be irritating the stomach.
Outlook
The outlook is generally good when the cause is treated properly. Most ulcers heal with the right treatment, but they can return if H. pylori is not cleared or if NSAID use continues.